15. Lecture notes and videos

Lecture materials (including lecture notes, handouts, and recorded lecture videos) are unpublished sources. Use them with discretion. They can be cited when the material is unique, clarifies course content, or records instruction that is not available in published form.

Lecture materials are normally cited in footnotes only. They are not included in the bibliography, unless the lecturer has formally published the material. 

15.1 Lecture Notes (Footnotes)

Lecture notes refer to written material distributed in class or personal notes taken during a lecture.

15.1.1 First (Full) Footnote Citation

Format:

Footnote number. Lecturer First Name Last Name, Title of Lecture or Course Material, course name, institution, date of lecture.

Examples:

1. Craig C. Ireland, What is a Worldview?, Theology for Worldview, Haddon Institute, March 12, 2025.

15.1.2 Shortened Footnote Citation

After the first citation, shortened references can be used.

Format:

Footnote number. Lecturer Last Name, Shortened Lecture Title, date.

Examples:

1. Ireland, What is a Worldview?, March 12, 2025.

15.2 Lecture Videos or Audio Recordings (Footnotes)

Cite lecture recordings delivered in person or online (including learning platforms) with enough detail to allow identification.

15.2.1 First (Full) Footnote Citation

Format:

Footnote number. Lecturer First Name Last Name, “Title of Lecture,” course name, institution, video or audio recording, date, timestamp (if applicable).

Examples:

1. Craig C. Ireland, “What Is a Worldview?”, Theology for Worldview, Haddon Institute, lecture video, March 12, 2025, 18:40–20:05.
2. Craig C. Ireland, “Knowing the Past as Reality and History”, Theology for Worldview, Haddon Institute, lecture video, March 12, 2025.

15.2.2 Shortened Footnote Citation

Format:

Footnote number. Lecturer Last Name, “Shortened Lecture Title,” timestamp.

Examples:

1. Ireland, “Knowing the Past as Reality and History” 43:12.

15.3 Bibliography

Lecture notes and lecture recordings are not normally included in the bibliography.

When lecture material has been formally published (for example, as a book, article, or publicly released lecture series), cite it according to the appropriate source category elsewhere in this guide.