8. Journal articles
Journal articles are a major source in theological and biblical studies, in particular in postgraduate work. The formats below apply to peer-reviewed journals in print and electronic form.
8.1 Footnotes (Journal Articles)
8.1.1 First (Full) Footnote Citation
The first time a journal article is cited, give full publication details.
Format:
Footnote number. Author First Name Last Name, “Title of Article,” Journal Title volume, no. issue (year): page number(s).
Examples:
- Skyler R. Flowers, “Organic Personality: Divine and Human Personality in Herman Bavinck,” Journal of Reformed Theology 18, no. 1-3 (2024): 3–25.
- Guy P. Waters, Richard B. Gaffin Jr., and Matthew Moffitt, “Herman Ridderbos and Romans 11—Two New Translations,” Reformed Theological Review 83, no. 2 (2024): 129-159.
8.1.2 Shortened Footnote Citation
After the first citation, later references to the same article use a shortened form.
Format:
Footnote number. Author Last Name, “Shortened Article Title,” page number(s).
Examples:
- Flowers, “Organic Personality,” 30.
- Waters, Gaffin, and Moffitt, “Herman Ridderbos and Romans 11,” 135.
8.1.3 Immediately Repeated Citations (Ibid.)
When you cite the same article as the footnote that comes at once before, use Ibid. Add the page number if the page is different.
Example:
- Ibid., 22.
8.2 Multiple-Author Journal Articles (Footnotes)
8.2.1 Two or Three Authors
List authors in the order in which they appear in the article.
Full footnote format:
Footnote number. Author One First Name Last Name and Author Two First Name Last Name, “Title of Article,” Journal Title volume, no. issue (year): page number(s).
Examples:
- Jonathan M. Lunde and John Anthony Dunne, "Paul's Creative and Contextual Use of Psalm 68 in Ephesians 4:8," Westminster Theological Journal 74, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 99–117.
Shortened footnotes:
- Lunde and Dunne, "Paul's Creative," 105
8.2.2 Four or More Authors
When a journal article has four or more authors, list only the first author followed by et al.
Full footnote format:
Footnote number. Author One First Name Last Name et al., “Title of Article,” Journal Title volume, no. issue (year): page number(s).
Example:
- Florian Cova et al., "Estimating the Reproducibility of Experimental Philosophy," Review of Philosophy and Psychology 12 (2021): 9–44.
Shortened footnotes:
- Cova et al., "Estimating Reproducibility," 25.
8.3 Bibliography (Journal Articles)
Every journal article cited in footnotes must appear in the bibliography.
8.3.1 One Author
Format (Print or Electronic):
Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Title volume, no. issue (year): page range. DOI or database name (if applicable).
Examples:
- Flowers, Skyler R. “Organic Personality: Divine and Human Personality in Herman Bavinck.” Journal of Reformed Theology 10, no. 4 (2024): 3–25.
8.3.2 Two or Three Authors
Reverse the order of the name of the first author only.
Format:
Author One Last Name, First Name, Author Two First Name Last Name, and Author Three First Name Last Name. “Title of Article.” Journal Title volume, no. issue (year): page range.
Examples:
- Lunde, Jonathan M., and John Anthony Dunne. "Paul's Creative and Contextual Use of Psalm 68 in Ephesians 4:8." Westminster Theological Journal 74, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 99–117.
- Waters, Guy P., Richard B. Gaffin Jr., and Matthew Moffitt. “Herman Ridderbos and Romans 11—Two New Translations.” Reformed Theological Review 83, no. 2 (2024): 12–30.
8.3.3 Four or More Authors
List all authors in the bibliography. Reverse only the name of the first author.
Format:
Author One Last Name, First Name, Author Two First Name Last Name, Author Three First Name Last Name, et al. “Title of Article.” Journal Title volume, no. issue (year): page range.
Example:
Florian Cova, Brent Strickland, Angela Abatista, Aurélien Allard, James Andow, Mario Attie, James Beebe, Renatas Berniūnas, Jordane Boudesseul, Matteo Colombo, et al., "Estimating the Reproducibility of Experimental Philosophy," Review of Philosophy and Psychology 12 (2021): 9–44.