9. Books

Books are among the sources that theological writing cites most often. The formats below apply to monographs, theological works, and standard academic books.

9.1 Footnotes (Books)

9.1.1 First (Full) Footnote Citation

The first time a book is cited, give full publication details in the footnote.

Format:

Footnote number. Author First Name Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), page number(s).

Examples:

1. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2008), 120.
2. R. C. Sproul, The Holiness of God (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1998), 45.
3. J. I. Packer, Knowing God (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), 210.

9.1.2 Shortened Footnote Citation

After the first full citation, later references to the same book use a shortened form.

Format:

Footnote number. Author Last Name, Shortened Title of Book, page number(s).

Examples:

1. Calvin, Institutes, 122.
2. Sproul, Holiness of God, 48.
3. Packer, Knowing God, 212.

9.2 Multiple-Author Books (Footnotes)

9.2.1 Two or Three Authors

List authors in the order in which they appear on the title page.

Full footnote format:

Footnote number. Author One First Name Last Name and Author Two First Name Last Name, Title of Book (Place: Publisher, Year), page number(s).

Examples:

1. Wayne Grudem and John Piper, Fifty Crucial Questions: An Overview of Central Concerns About Manhood and Womanhood (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2016), 42.
2. D. A. Carson, Douglas J. Moo, and Leon Morris, An Introduction to the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1992), 210.

Shortened footnotes:

1. Grudem and Piper, Fifty Crucial Questions, 42.
2. Carson, Moo, and Morris, Introduction to the New Testament, 215.

9.2.2 Four or More Authors

When a book has four or more authors, list only the first author followed by et al.

Full footnote format:

Footnote number. Author One First Name Last Name et al., Title of Book (Place: Publisher, Year), page number(s).

Example:

1. J. P. Moreland et al., eds., Theistic Evolution: A Scientific, Philosophical, and Theological Critique (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2017), 42.

Shortened footnotes:

1. Moreland et al., Theistic Evolution, 42.

9.3 Bibliography (Books)

Every book cited in footnotes must appear in the bibliography.

9.3.1 One Author

Format (Print):

Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Examples:

Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2008.

Packer, J. I. Knowing God. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993.

Sproul, Robert C. The Holiness of God. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1998.

9.3.2 Two or Three Authors

Reverse the order of the name of the first author only.

Format:

Author One Last Name, First Name, Author Two First Name Last Name, and Author Three First Name Last Name. Title of Book. Place: Publisher, Year.

Examples:

Carson, D. A., Douglas J. Moo, and Leon Morris. An Introduction to the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1992.

Grudem, Wayne, and John Piper. Fifty Crucial Questions: An Overview of Central Concerns About Manhood and Womanhood. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2016.

9.3.3 Four or More Authors

List all authors in the bibliography. Reverse only the name of the first author.

Format:

Author One Last Name, First Name, Author Two First Name Last Name, Author Three First Name Last Name, et al. Title of Book. Place: Publisher, Year.

Example:

Moreland, J. P., Stephen C. Meyer, Christopher Shaw, Ann K. Gauger, and Wayne Grudem, eds. Theistic Evolution: A Scientific, Philosophical, and Theological Critique. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2017.